Meta-Analysis

Exercise Plus Calcium and Vitamin D Boosts Bone Density

A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found that combining exercise with calcium and vitamin D supplementation significantly increased lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women compared to supplementation alone, with whole-body vibration and mind-body exercises producing the greatest benefits. Shorter intervention durations of six months or less yielded the most pronounced gains, providing a practical, evidence-based strategy for skeletal health in late postmenopause.